8.5 Causative

In Timucua the –so is a causative suffix, which means that it causes someone or something to do or be something. It goes after the verb stem.

ene means to see

mino means to come

eneso means cause to see, or to show

minoso means cause to come, or bring 

toco means to come out

tocoso means to cause to come out, or to bring out

caro means to be shiny or to be bright

caroso means to cause to shine, or illuminate

Here are some examples of the –so suffix followed by other suffixes that also modify the verb.

nicalubosobola

ni-calubo-so-bo-la

1-be:punished-caus-PL-dec

He* caused us to be punished.

ano napuenosota

ano na-pueno-so-ta

person ins-come-caus-part

She* caused a person to come and…

*Note: the Timucua text does not specify the subject (who is doing the action), but to make the sentences make sense, we have inserted a subject pronoun. Timucua also does not distinguish between he and she.

Sometimes the suffix –so is spelled as –su. This happens when the preceding verb ends in the sound /u/.  Here are some examples:

balusubono

balu-su-bo-no

live-caus-pl-nmlz 

Causing them to live.

nayutusutecarema

na-yutu-su-te-care-ma

ins-be:provoked-caus-tns-plu-def

Things that provoke.